THE PASSIVE VOICE - KALIMAT PASIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS BESERTA CONTOHNYA

Chapter 10

THE PASSIVE VOICE

Seperti halnya dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat kalimat aktif dana kalimat pasif, dalam bahasa Inggris juga terdapat kalimat aktif (affirmative) dan kalimat pasif (passive voice). Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari oleh penutur asli bahasa Inggris. Itulah sebabnya mengapa passive voice perlu kita pelajari agar kita mampu menggunakannya dengan baik dan benar.

Pada kalimat pasif, objek dalam kalimat aktif kita ganti menjadi subjek (agent). Kalimat atau ungkapan pasif digunakan ketika kita ingin menekankan pelaku atau agen sebagai pusat informasi. Kata kerja dalam passive voice selalu berbentuk past participle (V3) dan seringkali diikuti dengan preposisi “by”. Hanya kata kerja transitif (transitive verb) yang bisa digunakan dalam kalimat passive. Tenses yang dipakai mengikuti sesuai dengan waktu terjadinya kejadian tersebut.

Affirmative                   The teacher teaches students every day.

                                    Sam cooked the chicken soup.

Passive                         Students are taught by the teacher every day.

                                    The chicken soup was cooked by Sam.

Question in passive      Are students taught by the teacher?

                                    Was the chicken soup cooked by Sam?

Verb Conjugations In Passive Voice
Tense	Active	Passive
Present Simple	Peter writes the letter.	The letter is written by Peter.
Present Prog.	Peter is writing the letter.	The letter is being written by Peter.
Present Perfect	Peter has written the letter.	The letter has been written by Peter.
Past Simple	Peter wrote the letter.	The letter was written by Peter.
Past Prog.	Peter was writing the letter.	The letter was being written by Peter.
Past Perfect	Peter had written the letter.	The letter had been written by Peter.
Future Simple	Peter will write the letter.	The letter will be written by Peter.
Be Going To	Peter is going to write the letter.	The letter is going to be written by Peter.
Future Perfect	Peter will have written the letter.	The letter will have been written by Peter.

Passive Voice Tanpa “By”

Passive voice terkadang digunakan tanpa menggunakan preposisi “by” ketika informasi tidak menitikberatkan pada pelaku atau agen dianggap tidak penting.

§  My house was built in 1965.

§  The package has been sent from Thailand.

§  The products will be manufactured next year.

Passive Voice menggunakan “Modals”

Modal seringkali digunakan dalam ungkapan-ungkapan pasif oleh native speakers.

Modal Passive (Present Time):

§  It must be done.

§  They should be invited to the meeting.

§  Nathan has to be registered in the list.

§  She may be given an opportunity.

 Modal Passive (Past Time):

§  It must have been done yesterday.

§  They should have been invited to the meeting last Saturday.

§  Nathan had to be registered in the list.

§  She might have been given an opportunity.

Passive Voice Menggunakan “Get”
Kata kerja get kerap digunakan dalam bentuk pasif ketika dipasangkan dengan kata kerja lain.

§  I get accepted into the company.

§  He gets arrested for an abduction.

§  My grandpa gets confused about how tu turn the TV on.

§  Lesley got divorced from Joe last month.

§  I get involved in the operation.

Kata Kerja Yang Tidak Diartikan Pasif (Non-Passive Verbs)

Beberapa kata kerja digunakan dalam struktur kalimat pasif, namun tidak diartikan pasif dan cenderung diartikan kata sifat (adjective).

§  I am concerned about the condition in our department.

§  This city is known for artistic buildings.

§  She is gone.

§  The patient is tired of drinking medicine.

§  The bottle was fully filled with water.