English Grammar Conditional Sentences

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English grammar conditional sentences

ENGLISH GRAMMAR CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

This time we are going to learn the conditional sentences in English. Conditional sentences or "if clauses" or "conditional clauses" are divided into 3 types: type 1, type 2 and type 3. English conditional sentences are used to express that the action of the main clauses (no if), can only happen if the conditions in the if clauses are fulfilled. Let's get started.

OVERVIEW

Type 1: If I get bored, I will go
Type 2: If I got bored, I would go.
Type 3: If I had got bored, I would have gone.

Conditional Sentences Type 1

Indication: possible and very likely to happen (true in the present/future)

Structure: if + simple present, simple future
simple future, if + simple present

Examples:
If I don't have breakfast, I will get hungry. / I will get hungry if I don't have breakfast.
If I have enough money, I will buy a new car. / I will buy a new car if I have enough money.

Conditional Sentences Type 2

Indication: possible but very unlikely to happen (untrue in the present/future)

Structure: if + simple past, simple past future
simple past future, if + simple past

Examples:
If I didn't have breakfast this morning, I would get hungry. / I would get hungry if I didn't have breakfast this morning.
If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. / I would buy a new car if I had enough money.

Conditional Sentences type 3

Indication: impossible to happen (untrue in the past)

Structure: if + past perfect, past future perfect
past future perfect, if + past perfect

Examples:
If I had not had breakfast this morning, I would have got hungry. / I would have got hungry if I had not had breakfast this morning.
If I had had enough money, I would have bought a new car. / I would have bought a new car if I had had enough money.

Conditional Sentences with Modal Verbs

First Conditional
If I work hard, I can be rich. / I can be rich if I work hard.
If you smile before sleeping, you may have a nice dream. / You may have a nice dream if you smile before sleeping.

Second Conditional
If I worked hard, I could be rich. / I could be rich if I worked hard.
If you smiled before sleeping, you might have a nice dream. / You might have a nice dream if you smiled before sleeping.

Third Conditional
If I had worked hard, I could have been rich. / I could have been rich if I had worked hard.
If you had smiled before sleeping, you might have had a nice dream. / You might have had a nice dream if you had smiled before sleeping.

Another form is conditional sentence type 0 which is possibly used.

Examples:
If She lends me the novel, I am happy. / I am happy if she lends me the novel.
If I walk down the street, I always look around. / I always look around if I walk down the street.

Mixed Conditional Sentences

We can also combine different types of conditional sentences.

Examples:
I would find another project if I had finished this one.
If I were rich, I would have built a bigger house.

Using "wish"

"wish" is used to express impossible conditions at the present time or untrue.

I wish I were rich. (The truth is I am not rich.)
I wish I had a private jet. (The fact is I don't have a private jet.)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES EXERCISES

Type 1

1) If I am not busy, I   go to campus.

2) I   help you if you need.

3) If they (want/wanted)   the cake, I will give them some.

4) I will cook every day If I (can/could)  .

5) If the rain  (stops/stopped), I will go for dinner.

Type 2

1) If I was not busy, I  go to campus.

2) I  help you if you needed.

3) If they (want/wanted)  the cake, I would give them some.

4) I would cook every day if I (can/could)  .

5) If the rain (stop/stopped)  , I would go for dinner.

Type 3

1) If I had not been busy, I   gone to campus.

2) I   helped you if you had needed.

3) If they  (have wanted/had wanted) the cake, I would have given them some.

4) I would have cooked every day if I   (can have/could have).

5) If the rain   (have stopped/had stopped), I would have gone for dinner.

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